History of Autism, ASD, and AD - 1632 Words

History of Autism, ASD, and AD Leo Kanner, a doctor at Johns Hopkins Hospital and the first self-described child-psychiatrist, first described what we now know to be autism in his 1943 paper titled, Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact. He described a disorder similar to, but distinct from childhood schizophrenia. Autism, taken from symptoms of schizophrenia, described withdrawn symptoms or social interaction problems, and was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Ed. (DSM-III) under the name Infantile Autism in 1980. This was later changed to autism in the revised DSM-III in 1987. The authors indicated that some camps still considered autism a schizophrenic disorder, and that infantile autism†¦show more content†¦In contrast, the proposed DSM-V criterion divides seven symptoms of ASD into two main groups: deficits in social communication and social interaction; and restricted, repetitive behaviors, and interests. Some have questioned the nature and magnitude of the proposed modifications to the diagnostic criteria, fearing that some individuals with autism may be unrecognized or misdiagnosed under the new manual (Matson et al, 2012). When the revised DSM-III reduced the diagnostic subgroups to autistic disorder and PDD-NOS, changing the criteria for autistic disorder required the presence of at least 8 of 16 specific behavioral examples, with at least two from the social interaction domain, one from the communication domain, and one from the restricted behaviors domain, studies found that a significant number of individuals did not meet DSM-III criteria but did meet DSM-III-R criteria (Miller et al, 2013). The DSM-IV outlined the 12 general criteria for Autistic disorder and required that at least six be met for a diagnosis of autism. The wording of DSM-IV, which was not changed for DSM-IV-TR, criteria could have a wider interpretation than earlier versions. Furthermore, DSM-IV included Asperger disorder, which could be met if Autistic disorder had been ruled out but social impairments and restricted behaviors were present in a verbal individual with at least average intelligence. Rett’s Disorder and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder were also newShow MoreRelatedIncreasing Exposure To Antibody-Stimulation : A Case Control Report909 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysed was titled, â€Å"Increasing Exposure to Antibody-Stimulating Proteins and Polysaccharides in Vaccines is not associated with Risk of Autism† (Frank DeStefano, Cristofer Price and Eric Weintraub, 2013) a. Sample size and repetition The researchers analysed data from a case control study conducted in three managed care organizations of 256 children with autism spectrum disease and 752 children matched on birth year, sex and managed care organization (MCO). A total of 1001 children were tested.Read MoreHistorical Context. Recently, Society Is Showing Concern1591 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the rise in people having Autism and the economic costs to society. However, history shows Asperger has been known as a disorder since 1944. Autism and Asperger are not new disabilities and many people are still undiagnosed. After over 70 years, how to diagnose, treat, and understand these disabilities are still being researched. DSM-5 addressed the possible confusion of diagnosing these disorders, increased costs, and high numbers of people diagnosed with Autism by changing the criteria to aRead MoreExploring Ways of Conceptualizing ASD in Africa1439 Words   |  6 PagesDISSERTATION. Exploring ways of conceptualizing ASD in Africa. Questioning the cultural sensitivity of the DSM. Rodeen Beresford-Cole 27/05/14 Exploring research findings of ASD etiology and epidemiology in non-western cultures in developing countries. This will determine whether the DSM is culturally sensitive to other parts of the world. Does the DSM take into account different conceptual social constructs of mental health from diverse cultures? The manual mentions that professionals shouldRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )2430 Words   |  10 Pages Autism Spectrum Disorder F84.0 [299.00] Literature Review Psychopathology 620Z0 January 30th, 2015 Bay Path College Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) F84. 0 [299.00] is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with varying degrees and manifestations that has both genetic and environmental causes, in which the symptoms are usually recognized in early childhood, which progress into adulthood. The three primary areas affected by ASD are communication, socialization, and motor behavior,Read MoreThe Importance Of Vaccines1746 Words   |  7 Pagesbut they protect our future generations by eliminating the spread of disease. Throughout the years, vaccines have eliminated and reduced certain disease that have killed and disabled. Smallpox, an infectious disease that occurred in the 4th century AD, is an example that killed over thousands of people and left others with severe scars. Thanks to the use of vaccinations, Smallpox was eradicated, meaning it now does not exist. In 1796 a physician named Edward Jenner decided to prove a theory whenRead MoreThe Occurrence And Diagnosis Of An Autism Spectrum Disor der ( Asd ) The Same Around The World?3340 Words   |  14 Pagesdiagnosis of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) the same around the world? Introduction: Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ADS), is a group of complex disorders of brain development. Autism is comprised by a broad range of conditions, classified as neurodevelopmental disorders, which include difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive actions(â€Å"What Is Autism,† n.d.). In 2013 all autism disorders were combined under one diagnosis of ASD. PreviousRead MoreEmployment Activities And Outcomes Of Adults With Asperger s Disorder1795 Words   |  8 PagesA. (2014) Employment activities and experiences of adults with high-functioning Autism and Asperger’s Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(10), 2440-2449. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2112-z Using a subset of data from the Autism Spectrum Australia study done in 2013, this report examines the employment activities and outcomes of 130 adults diagnosed with Asperger’s Disorder and High Functioning Autism. The study looked at several outcome areas including their current occupation,Read MoreProblem Based Learning Scenario Essay3164 Words   |  13 Pagesindividual vaccines. 7 4. Public perceptions of MMR vaccines and how it affects clinical consultations. 8 5. Medicalisation of Autism. 9 6. 1. Define Terms Immunisation Coordinator The amount of health professionals involved in administering vaccines are vast and rangesRead MoreThe European Society Of Animal Assisted Therapy7053 Words   |  29 Pagesof them, the signals are not transmitted as effectively†. Buttram et al (2004) suggest â€Å"that it has already been demonstrated that programs of canine assisted therapy (CAT) can produce beneficial effects on persons affected with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)†. Observation undertaken by Buttram and colleagues on patients in an Alzheimer Special Care Unit (ASCU), found that by having a dog present they found a reduction in behaviour alterations and mood disorders and an increase in social interactions. VannRead MoreThe European Society Of Animal Assisted Therapy7002 Words   |  29 Pagesof them, the signals are not transmitted as effectively†. Buttram et al (2004) suggest â€Å"that it has already been demonstrated that programs of canine assisted therapy (CAT) can produce beneficial effects on persons affected with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)†. Observation undertaken by Buttram and colleagues on patients in an Alzheimer Special Care Unit (ASCU), found that by having a dog present they found a reduction in behaviour alterations and mood disorders and an increase in social interactions. Vann